Under all circumstances, the president of the United States is responsible for the well-being and growth of his population. While some of these presidents lived up to their oaths of office, others failed to deliver on their promises. This list includes both the best and worst presidents the United States has ever had. Find out how intelligent these presidents are! You may even be surprised by their feats!
Ulysses S. Grant – 130
You can get an idea of how smart we’re talking about when it comes to American presidents when you consider that the so-called ‘least smart’ president on this list still has an IQ of 130 – a full 15 points above average. Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th president of the United States, was a former Union Army commanding general during the Civil War. When he was in office from 1869 to 1877, he was extremely popular. He made a name for himself a few years after graduating from West Point when he served in the Mexican-American War. He became the country’s president at the age of 47, making him the country’s youngest president. Moral authority, international relations, public persuasion, and pursuing equal justice for all earned him high marks. The general public remembers him as an upright man who opposed the Ku Klux Klan. Many people also point out that he was the first president to appoint African-American and Jewish-American officials.
George W. Bush – 138.5
George W. Bush is the 43rd President of the United States, and he served as Commander-in-Chief during the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. He was in office from 2001 to 2008, and he served two terms in a row. The invasion of Afghanistan and the second Gulf War, which resulted in the deposition of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, were also significant events during his presidency. In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Bush established the Department of Homeland Security. Before running for president in 2000, he served as governor of Texas for five years. In Florida, he received only 0.5 percent of the popular vote, and the election resulted in a lengthy recount of the votes. Despite losing the popular vote, Bush was eventually declared president after winning the electoral vote. George W. Bush, who has an IQ of 138.5, is another president with a lower-than-average IQ compared to all other presidents. His father, George H.W. Bush, was president for about ten years before being elected, and he is only the second president’s child.
Bush Hears About 9/11
On Tuesday, September 11th, 2001, at 6:00 a.m., everyone recalls the day Al Qaeda launched an attack on the United States. Thousands of people died when two planes crashed into the World Trade Centers in New York City. At the time of the attack, the president was at Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota County, Florida.
James Monroe – 138.6
Did you know that James Monroe served as President from 1817 to 1825? The 5th President of the United States was this founding father. He was once a popular choice for the position, and he easily won the election. His presidency was dubbed the “Era of Good Feelings” later on. Monroe fought in the American Revolutionary War and became known for his foreign policy, which he called “The Monroe Doctrine.” Monroe just beat George W. Bush for the third-lowest IQ score, with a score of 138.6. Nonetheless, a score of 138.6 does not indicate that he is a slacker. According to the Wechsler IQ classification, it is considered “very superior” intelligence.
Andrew Johnson – 138.9
Andrew Johnson became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. He did, however, become the first American president to be impeached. His plans to restore the seceded states to the Union without providing protection to former slaves are the reason for this. The plan was slammed in Congress. To make matters worse, his IQ was only 138.9.
William Howard Taft – 139.5
While he may appear to be at the bottom of the list, William Howard Taft had an IQ of 139.5 and is the only person to have served as president of both the executive and judicial branches of government. He later became the 10th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court after serving as president from 1909 to 1913. William H. Taft was the 27th President of the United States and the only head of state to become the Chief Justice of the United States. He was born and raised in Ohio and went on to Yale University to study law. During his time at the prestigious university, he was allegedly a secret society member of Skull and Bones. He had a successful legal career in his twenties and later became a judge. He was president from 1909 to 1913, and during his tenure, East Asia received more attention than any other region. Taft also intervened in Latin America, either dismantling or establishing governments.
James Buchanan – 139.6
The 15th president didn’t make much of an improvement over his predecessor. Most historians will recall that as president, James Buchanan set some lofty goals for himself. During his presidency, Buchanan promised to match George Washington’s achievements. Presidents with an IQ of 139 include James Buchanan. Regrettably, he didn’t quite make it.
The Only Bachelor
Only one president in the history of the United States, and you guessed it right; it’s James Buchanan! For some reason, he decided never to get married. The 15th president never explained why he never married, but it’s possible he was too preoccupied with his career and presidency to worry about his personal life!
Zachary Taylor – 139.8
Zachary “Old Rough and Ready” Taylor was the 12th President of the United States, but he is most famous for spending only a brief period in office. He was a war hero before entering politics, and his leadership abilities earned him the moniker. He was the last Whig Party member to be elected president and was praised for his bravery during the Mexican-American War. He took office in March 1849 and devoted much of his time to the issue of slavery. Despite the fact that he owned slaves, he favored the anti-slavery side of the debate. During his presidency, he pushed for the statehood of New Mexico and California. Unfortunately, Taylor died of cholera while still in office in July 1850. Despite being a war hero, Zachary Taylor had a low IQ when compared to those who have held the presidency, with a score of 139.8.
Unexpected Death
Zachary Taylor’s untimely death sparked a flurry of speculation about the cause of his illness. Some speculated that he drank tainted ice water or milk, while others speculated that a large number of cherries he consumed during the Fourth of July celebration was to blame. Can you believe that in the 1800s, something as simple as eating too many cherries was a suspected cause of death?
Harry S. Truman – 139.8
Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, served from 1945 to 1953. He was elected to power shortly after the Second World War ended. He was a member of the army during World War I and is the only president to use nuclear weapons. He was known for his stubbornness, and he reportedly used his veto power 180 times! Harry Truman’s IQ of 139.8 places him in the bottom quarter of all US presidents.
Warren G. Harding – 139.9
Warren G. Harding was declared the winner of the 29th election. This was a historic presidential election because it was the first in which women were allowed to vote. Warren Harding began his career in journalism as the owner of the Marion Star newspaper in Ohio. When the time was right, he left the small town to pursue a career in politics. During Harding’s presidency, he declared the First World War to be over when he announced that the US had reached an agreement with Austria, Germany, and Hungary. He had to deal with bringing about a “return to normalcy,” which included economic growth. Scandals throughout his presidency beset his cabinet, but Harding died of a heart attack before they were made public. His IQ is thought to be around 139.9, which is on the lower end of the presidential IQ range.
George Washington – 140
George Washington is another founding father and the first President of the United States, as we all know. He was a key figure in the establishment of the nation’s government system from 1789 to 1797 when he was in power. In the American Revolutionary War, he also led the Continental Army. During the research, he was ranked as the second-best president in US history. Because he was one of the Founding Fathers and all, you might have assumed George Washington was some kind of genius. To some extent, you are correct. He was much smarter than the average person, with an IQ of 140. Regardless, he isn’t near the top of the presidents’ list.
Gerald R. Ford Jr. – 140.4
Following Richard Nixon’s resignation, Gerald Ford was elected as the United States’ 38th president. He was in charge from 1974 to 1977, and during that time, he pardoned his predecessor. Ford was well-known for his role in the Helsinki Accords, which sought to improve relations between the US and the Soviet Union. Ford was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and pursued a legal career that led to a political career. He led the people through a period of severe economic hardship, which helped him gain significant ground in the polls. His IQ of 140.4 places him near the bottom of the presidential list, but it’s worth noting that he outperforms a quarter of the other presidents. Ford is the only person who has served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office.
Ford’s First Assassination Attempt
The events of September 5, 1975, were unexpected by President Gerald Ford. A woman with a Colt M1911 pistol attempted to shoot him as he walked through a cheering crowd in Sacramento, California. She was apprehended because the gun did not fire. Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson’s cult, was the woman.
Ford’s Second Assassination Attempt
It’s hard to believe that just 17 days after President Ford’s assassination attempt, another woman would try to take his life. Sara Jane Moore, who was in California at the time, pulled out a pistol and fired one shot at the president. A former marine quickly overpowered her after she missed. Although the bullet did not hit the president, it did injure a taxi driver. Who will be the next president on our list?
Lyndon B. Johnson – 140.6
After John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, this president became famous for taking over. The United States’ presence in Vietnam was then increased by Lyndon B. Johnson. We’re still on the lower end of the list of presidents, with an IQ of 140.6. Lyndon Baines Johnson, better known as LBJ, is the 36th President of the United States. He served in the White House from 1963 to 1969, leaving a lasting legacy. He is praised for his efforts to push the country forward in a number of key areas. He passed numerous civil rights, gun, and welfare laws while he was the president of the United States. Of course, we must not overlook his role in enacting the Social Security Act and expanding Medicaid and Medicare.
Herbert Hoover – 141.6
Herbert Hoover served as President of the United States during one of the most trying periods in the country’s history. The 31st President of the United States grew up in Iowa and Oregon before enrolling in the prestigious Stanford University in its first year. Later, he married Lou Henry, his college sweetheart. What you may not know about Herbert Hoover is that his IQ was estimated to be 141.6. While this is a high number overall, it is fairly average when it comes to presidents. He spent a significant amount of time in China before beginning his political career, and he was in Europe when the Great War broke out. He rose to prominence after assisting 120,000 American tourists fleeing France and Germany. During the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression, he served from 1929 to 1933. Even though it was a difficult time, Hoover tried a variety of methods to assist his countrymen, including lowering taxes and persuading businesses to keep their employees. Things took a long time to change, so Hoover had to keep his cool during a period of economic turmoil.
Calvin Coolidge – 141.6
After President Warren Harding’s untimely death in 1923, Vice President Calvin Coolidge was the next in line. He was elected president the following year and remained in office until 1929. He was still below average in terms of presidents, with an IQ of 141.6. He was a popular political figure by the end of his term because he supported a laissez-faire foreign policy and small government. Many people saw his presidency as a time when the government had dignity, despite the fact that the White House had been plagued by scandal for several years. His quiet demeanor belied his commitment to racial equality and civil rights. Regardless, he did not always have the support of his colleagues in the government, especially when he wanted to make lynching a federal crime. The passage of the Indian Citizenship Act granted American citizenship to Native Americans living on reservations was another significant achievement during his presidency. Here is what his biographer had to say about him: “He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength”.
Ronald Reagan – 141.9
Ronald Reagan served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He became well-known for his Reaganomics economic policies, among other things. It emphasized reduced social spending, deregulation of domestic markets, increased military spending, and broad tax cuts. When compared to his fellow presidents, Reagan scored somewhere between the bottom and quarter and half, with an IQ of 141.9. He is also responsible for the Iran-Contra scandal and the end of the Cold War. He gave an iconic speech at the Berlin Wall during which he told Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev to “tear down this wall!”
Reagan’s Assassination Attempt
On March 30th, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. attempted to assassinate President Ronald Reagan. Contrary to popular belief, the would-be assassin targeted the president in order to impress young actress Jodie Foster. A ricocheted bullet struck the president, but he was unharmed. He would later tell his wife, “I forgot to duck.”
Ronald Reagan’s Death
Ronald Reagen, one of the United States’ former presidents, was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease when a complication arose, resulting in pneumonia. Ronald Reagan died on June 5, 2004, from Alzheimer’s disease and pneumonia. He died at the age of 93 after a ten-year battle with Alzheimer’s. In California, he is buried at the Ronald Reagan National Library.
Richard M. Nixon – 142.9
Richard M. Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, was known for his foreign policy negotiations skills. He served as President from 1969 to 1974, during which time he ended the country’s involvement in the Vietnam War. He also established diplomatic relations with China, signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union, and returned the POWs. Even as President Dwight “Ike” Eisenhower’s vice president from 1953 to 1961, he was able to accomplish a number of impressive feats. He is credited with desegregation in the South, assisting in the funding of the Environmental Protection Agency, launching the “War on Cancer,” and signing the anti-crime bill. He ran for re-election in 1960 but was defeated by Democrat candidate John F. Kennedy. Nixon would have placed higher if it hadn’t been for the Watergate scandal. Richard Nixon was easily one of the most divisive presidents in history, but he wasn’t the dumbest. He was said to have an IQ of 142.9. This just goes to show that intelligence alone isn’t enough. Even so, there have been presidents with lower IQs who performed just as well, if not better, while in office.
Nixon’s Watergate Scandal
There is unlikely to be a single American who is unaware of the Watergate scandal. Richard Nixon was forced to resign as President of the United States as a result of this event. He was the first American president to do so. President Gerald Ford, on the other hand, acquitted him.
George H. W. Bush – 143
From 1989 to 1993, George H.W. Bush, Sr. was President of the United States. On the other hand, younger generations will likely remember him as the father of President George W. Bush. The elder Bush previously served as Ronald Reagan’s Vice President for eight years before being elected to the presidency. During times of crisis, he was known for his ability to lead. He was an excellent negotiator, particularly in international affairs. He wasn’t stupid, even if he was a controversial figure. George H. W. Bush had an IQ of 143, which put him in the middle of the pack of US presidents.
H.W. Bush’s Big Accomplishments
The end of the Cold War, the first Gulf War, and the fall of the Berlin Wall all happened during George H.W. Bush’s presidency. He was also credited with the Clean Air Act, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the Americans With Disabilities Act, among other things. Aside from these accomplishments, he also holds the record for the longest presidential marriage at 73 years!
George H.W. Bush’s Death
Former President George H.W. Bush died on November 30, 2018, after a long battle with vascular Parkinson’s disease, just seven months after his wife, Barbara, died. Since Gerald Ford’s death in 2006, he was the first former president to pass away.
James K. Polk – 143.4
From 1845 to 1849, James K. Polk served as the 11th President of the United States. He had a 143.4 IQ score. His inauguration was the first to be broadcast on the news via telegraph, which was unusual at the time. In the US-Mexican War, Polk is remembered for leading the country to victory. During his presidency, the United States expanded its territory thanks to the 1848 Mexican Cession and the annexation of Texas.
William McKinley Jr. – 143.4
William McKinley Jr., the 25th President of the United States, served from 1897 to 1901 and had an IQ of 143.4. He was the last president of the United States during the Civil War, and he also helped the United States win the Spanish-American War. During his presidency, the United States saw significant changes, with Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico all becoming territories. He was also well-liked for his efforts to improve the economy, though he did not do much to ensure that all Americans were treated equally.
McKinley’s Assassination
On September 6th, 1901, anarchist Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley twice in the abdomen. The performance took place at Buffalo’s Temple of Music. Ironically, the president’s secretary was able to persuade him not to go on the trip on two separate occasions because he was concerned about this specific event. McKinley died eight days after the assassination.
Grover Cleveland – 144
Grover Cleveland, who had an IQ of 144, was on the verge of joining the top 50% of presidents. Grover Cleveland was president for two terms, the first of which lasted from 1885 to 1889. However, he did not serve consecutive terms because he lost his first reelection bid in 1892 but won it again in 1893. Conservatives praised his fiscal policy and desire for political reform. During Cleveland’s second term, he dealt with the Panic of 1893, which turned into a major economic crisis, as well as the Pullman Strike of 1894, a nationwide railroad strike. As his forefathers arrived in Massachusetts, he was a descendant of one of the first families to move from Europe to the new world. His biographer praised Cleveland and his public speaking skills: “He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not”. Despite his unpopular second term, some consider Cleveland to be one of the country’s greatest presidents.
Cleveland’s Marriage
It’s a big deal to be the first (and only) president to marry in the White House. However, many people were more concerned with who the president was marrying. She was a 21-year-old woman (28 years his junior) with a lot of charisma. She was not only attractive, fluent in French, and charismatic, but she was also well-liked by the general public.
Andrew Jackson – 145
Andrew Jackson had an IQ of 145, which put him in the middle of presidential IQs while still being significantly higher than the average person. Andrew Jackson served only one term as President of the United States. He was in charge from 1829 to 1837. We’re not surprised if you recognize him from the twenty-dollar bill! Isn’t it fascinating that he opposed the creation of paper money and instead advocated for the use of silver and gold coins? He was kidnapped by the British when he was 13 years old during the Revolutionary War. That’s right; he’s the only President who has served as a prisoner of war. During his term, he prevented the secession of South Carolina and paid off the entire national debt.
Andrew Jackson’s Inauguration Party
President Andrew Jackson had a certain allure about him that made the public believe he was one of them. After delivering his inauguration speech, he and his supporters went to the executive mansion to begin the festivities, but things went wrong. The group was followed by a large crowd, which stormed the mansion. He drank a lot of alcohol, ransacked the kitchen, trashed the place, and caused a commotion. When the alcohol was moved outside, they eventually dispersed.
Dwight D. Eisenhower – 145.1
Dwight D. Eisenhower was the United States’ 34th President. From 1953 to 1961, he was the president of the United States. One of his most well-known actions was to reverse Truman’s policy and desegregate the army. He earned the nickname “Ike” and became one of the most well-liked politicians in the history of the United States. Did you know he had a 145.1 IQ score?
Benjamin Harrison – 145.4
Benjamin Harrison served in the Union Army during the Civil War and was the 23rd President of the United States. He is regarded as one of the best presidents in American history, owing to his excellent international relations and working relationship with Congress during his presidency. The enforcement of African-American voting rights and the admission of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Wyoming to the Union were two of his administration’s most significant achievements. Benjamin Harrison had an IQ of 145.4, which put him ahead of Eisenhower and Jackson but only in the top half of the population. Because he was the great-grandson and namesake of founding father Benjamin Harrison, he was given the nickname “Little Ben.” He was the only President of the United States who also had a US president for a grandfather. Of course, he is the great-grandson of William Henry “Old Tippecanoe” Harrison.
Martin Van Buren – 146
Between 1837 and 1841, President Martin Van Buren served only one term. He was in office during the Great Depression of 1837, also known as the Panic of 1837. It began only three months after he was sworn into office, and it was dubbed the “first great depression” in American history. Van Buren was dubbed “the Little Magician” to advocate for the US Treasury to become an independent institution to keep funds separate as political tides ebbed and flowed. Martin Van Buren had an average IQ among presidents, with a score of 146. He served as Secretary of State during Andrew Jackson’s presidency before succeeding him as President and later becoming the “minister to Great Britain.” He inherited the Great Depression, and he was chastised for causing many businesses and banks to close due to the economic downturn. However, his policies did eventually bring the economy back to life, though he was never given credit for it because the effects didn’t become apparent until he was no longer president.
Rutherford B. Hayes – 133.9
Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th President of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881 as a Republican politician. After months of wrangling, he won the electoral vote but not the popular vote, much like George W. Bush did in the 2000 presidential election. Mark Twain, the author, surprisingly expressed his support for Hayes. He served three terms as governor of Ohio and was a member of the now-defunct Whig party before becoming president. Hayes supported the expansion of black civil rights, but the Democratic majority in Congress thwarted his efforts. With a score of 133.9, Rutherford B. Hayes had a lower IQ than the other presidents. Hayes was another well-known supporter of the civil service exams, believing that it was more important and just for government employees to be hired on the basis of merit rather than political connections. The Pendleton Act later codified this. His wife was the first First Lady to have a college education, and she vouched for the White House’s first alcohol-free term.
William Henry Harrison – 146.3
The record for the shortest term in office belongs to William Henry Harrison. Most people remember him for his tragic death while still serving in the military. From March 4, 1841, to April 4, 1841, he was in office for a total of 31 days. After a rainy inauguration day, the 9th president died of pneumonia. The president, it appears, refused to wear a coat and instead gave his speech while riding a horse. William Henry Harrison, another average president, had an IQ of 146.3. William Henry Harrison was remembered primarily for tragedy, as he died while in office, setting the record for the shortest term in office. He was the last president to witness the American Revolution, and he is best known for leading the military to victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He was known as “Old Tippecanoe” and was the first US president to be photographed. Regrettably, the photo had not been found. He is the grandson of Benjamin Harrison, the founding father of the United States, and the grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd President of the United States.
Franklin Pierce – 147.4
The 14th President of the United States was a divisive figure in American politics. He referred to the abolitionist movement as “a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation.” Given this, it’s understandable that this Democratic president would sign the Kansas-Nebraska Act. With an IQ of 147.4, Franklin Pierce is just one point above the average president. This act effectively gave each state the power to decide how they felt about slavery.
John Tyler – 148
Following the death of William Henry Harrison, John Tyler became the 10th President of the United States. He was the first president to succeed a president who died in office. To put it another way, he was the first president who was not elected, and he served as the country’s leader from 1841 to 1845. Tyler delegated authority over slavery and a number of other issues to the states. Because of his passive attitude, he made a lot of enemies in Congress and was dubbed “His Accidency.” John Tyler was extremely intelligent, with an IQ of 148. When you consider how long ago he was president, that’s even more impressive. During his term, he was also the subject of the first attempted impeachment, which failed. He negotiated treaties with China and the United Kingdom on international issues.
Fifteen Children
John Tyler is a father of 15 children, in case you didn’t know. As a result, he is the president with the most children! They were all born between 1815 and 1860 and were the children of two different wives. His first eight children were born to his first wife, Letitia Tyler, and his last seven were born to Julia Gardiner, his second wife.
Millard Fillmore – 149
Before the Whig Party was disbanded, Millard Fillmore served as president. He was born into a poor family and rose through the ranks of the government to become Vice President during President Zachary Taylor’s term. Fillmore became the 13th president after the incumbent president died of cholera in 1850. Following Taylor’s death, all of the White House cabinet members resigned immediately, leaving Fillmore to rebuild the White House from the ground up. While his IQ of 149 is on the low end of the presidential range, it’s far from insignificant. He tried but failed to prevent tension between the North and the South by signing the 1850 Compromise from 1850 to 1853. He also assisted in the development of contact with Japan, which was still isolated at the time. Japan began allowing American ships to dock in the country in the event of an emergency during his presidency.
Abraham Lincoln – 150
Abraham “Abe” Lincoln, as the 16th President of the United States, achieved a remarkable number of achievements. He led the Union during the Civil War and instigated the long road to the abolition of slavery while in office from 1861 to 1865. In 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which laid the groundwork for abolishing slavery by granting the South’s Slaves the status of free people. He also made slavery illegal by ratifying the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Unfortunately, his assassination in 1865 cut short his term and prevented him from seeing the fruits of his labors. Regardless, his legacy lives on, and polls show that he remains the most popular and well-liked President of the United States. With an IQ of 150, he wasn’t just one of the smartest presidents but one of the smartest people on the planet.
Lincoln’s Assassination
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln is likely to be remembered as one of the most significant events in American history. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth while watching a performance of Our American Cousin at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. Only five days after the Civil War ended, the president died just hours later.
Franklin D. Roosevelt – 150.5
Franklin D. Roosevelt, also known as FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1945. He was so popular back then that he was elected four times in a row! FDR guided the United States through the Great Depression, Prohibition, and WWII. He also started the New Deal, which ushered in a slew of social and economic changes. With an IQ of 150.5, he was among the top quarter of American presidents in terms of intelligence.
Roosevelt’s Death
He was regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his death would be felt across the country. Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, from an intracerebral hemorrhage. Unfortunately, the president would not live to see the war come to an end.
Chester Arthur – 152.3
Chester Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, was born in Vermont to an Irish immigrant couple. People always said he “looked like a president,” but that was only when he took over the presidency after President James Garfield died in 1881. The vice president-turned-president served from 1881 to 1885 and is best remembered for enacting the Pendleton Act. He ensured that citizens would be appointed to federal government positions based on merit rather than political ties and connections. Exams were also used to screen applicants under the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. During Arthur’s presidency, he also enacted the first federal immigration law, which prohibited “paupers, criminals, and lunatics” from entering the country. Chester Arthur had an IQ of 152.3, in case you didn’t know. Even for a president, that’s a lot of money.
James A. Garfield – 152.3
Did you know that James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, was the first and only sitting member of the House of Representatives to be elected to be the president? Prior to his term, he served as a Union major general in the American Civil War, fighting in battles such as Chickamauga, Middle Creek, and Shiloh. He was able to accomplish admirable things during his term, which lasted from March 4, 1881, to September 19, 1881, including eliminating corruption in the postal service and strengthening the navy. He also fought for civil rights and universal education. His appointment of several African-Americans to government positions, such as Fredrick Douglass, was also notable. In July 1881, he was assassinated, and his term was cut short after he battled multiple infections. With an IQ of 152.3, Garfield was one of the smartest presidents in history.